Nutrient Analytes

Sample quantity and quality are highly dependent on the nutrient biomarker to be analyzed. Depending on the analyte, urine, serum or plasma are used. For more details see Exposure to Nutrients.

Biospecimens: Volume requirements: up to 1 mL of plasma/serum or 0.5 mL of urine

  • Carotenoids/Tocopherols (plasma/serum)
    • alpha-Carotene
    • beta-Carotene
    • Cryptoxanthin
    • Lutein
    • α-Tocopherol
    • γ-Tocopherol
    • Zeaxanthin
  • Dietary Phenols (urine)
    • Caffeic acid
    • Catechin
    • Chlorogenic acid
    • p-Coumaric acid
    • Daidzein
    • 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA)
    • 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA)
    • 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (3,4-DHHCA)
    • 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPAA)
    • 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3,5-DHPPA)
    • Epicatechin
    • Enterolactone
    • Enterodiol
    • Ethyl gallate
    • Equol
    • Ferulic acid
    • Gallic acid
    • Homovanillic acid
    • 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid [3-(3-HP)PA]
    • 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA)
    • 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA)
    • 3-Hydroxycinnamic acid (3-HCA)
    • 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA)
    • 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA)
    • 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid [3-(4-HP)PA]
    • Hydroxytyrosol
    • Isorhamnetin
    • Kaempferol
    • Naringenin
    • Phloretin
    • Resveratrol
    • Tyrosol
    • Vanillic acid
  • DNA adducts of aromatic amines
    • dG-C8 adduct of 4-ABP, and the N6-dA adduct of aristolochic acid-I
    • dG-C8 adducts of PhIP, MeIQx, AaC, and IQ
    • Essential Trace Elements (plasma/serum)
  • Fatty acids (plasma)
    • Docosanoic acid (behenic acid)
    • Docosatetraenoic acid (adrenic acid)
    • Docosapentaenoic acid (n-6 docosapentaenoic acid)
    • Docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 docosapentaenoic acid)
    • Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
    • Eicosanoic acid (arachidic acid)
    • Eicosenoic acid (gondoic acid)
    • Eicosadienoic acid
    • Eicosatrienoic acid (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid)
    • Eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid)
    • Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
    • Heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid)
    • cis-6-Hexadecenoic acid (sapienic acid)
    • Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid)
    • cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid)
    • Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid)
    • cis-9-Octadecenoic acid (oleic acid)
    • cis,cis-Octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid)
    • cis-11-Octadecenoic acid (vaccenic acid)
    • Octadecatrienoic acid (gamma-linolenic acid)
    • Octadecatrienoic acid (alpha-linolenic acid)
    • Pentadecanoic acid (pentadecanoic acid)
    • Tetracosanoic acid (nervonic acid)
    • Tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid)
    • Tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid)
  • Folate (serum/red blood cells)
  • Lycopenes (plasma/serum)
    • 13-cis-Lycopene
    • 9-cis-Lycopene A + B
    • trans-Lycopene
  • Phytoestrogens (urine)
    • Coumestrol
    • Daidzein
    • o-Desmethylangolensin
    • Enterolactone
    • Enterodiol
    • Equol
    • Genistein
  • Retinol (plasma)
  • Vitamin D derivatives (plasma/serum)
    • Vitamin D2
    • Vitamin D3
    • Vitamin D3 Epimer

Environmental Samples: HHEAR does not provide analysis of nutrients in environmental samples

Related Links:

Targeted Analyses