DNA damage can be measured by quantifying DNA adducts with highly-sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays. For more details see Exposure to DNA-Damaging Agents.
Formaldehyde-DNA adducts | 10 µg DNA |
Acetaldehyde-DNA adducts | 1 µg DNA |
Acrolein-DNA adducts | 10 µg DNA |
Methylglyoxal-DNA adducts | 10 µg DNA |
DNA adducts of Heterocyclic aromatic amines and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) DNA | 10 µg DNA |
DNA adducts of aristolochic acid | 10 µg DNA |
7-ethylguanine | 5 ml of blood |
7-phenylguanine | 20 ml of blood |
7-carboxyethylguanine | 10 ml of blood |
DNA adducts of 4-ABP, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), other heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) | 10 µg DNA |
DNA adducts of Aristolochic Acid, 4-ABP, PhIP, other HAAs | 10 µg DNA |
3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG) | 30 µg DNA |
8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2ʹ-deoxyadenosine (8-oxo-dA) | 50 ng DNA |